Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Transition Between High School And College - 775 Words

All children become an adult at some point in their lives. The transition between high school and college exemplifies this transition. Yet few of these students feel prepared for the challenge that is adult life. After living with their parents for 17-18 years, the move away from home and getting saddled with a plethora of responsibilities can be jolting. William Allen has many graduation requirements, but an Independent Living class is not one of them. This needs to change. High School ought to prepare students for the everyday aspect of college and life after school, not just the academic aspect of college. The graduation requirements of the Allentown School district include 4 years of English, 3 years of math and science, and 2 years of foreign language (PROGRAM OF STUDIES 2015-2016 William Allen High School Louis E. Dieruff High School, 7). It does not include any sort of class designed to help students learn important life techniques. School is designed to prepare us for college and the difficult transition between high school and college. But the way our high school curriculum is designed it only prepares us for the academic aspect of college, and without regard to people who may choose to take a gap year or not go to college. When going to college, students may worry about the dorms. They must adjust to college lifestyle and making new friends. The additional stress of being suddenly ladled with a plethora of responsibilities on top of this stress can be daunting.Show MoreRelatedThe Transition Between High School And College Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesat some point in their lives. The transition between high school and college exemplifies this transition. However few of these our students feel prepared for the challenge that is adult life. After living with their parents for 17-18 years, the move away from home and getting saddled with a plethora of responsibilities can be jolting. William Allen has many graduation requirements, but an Independent Li ving class is not one of them. This needs to change. High School ought to prepare students for everydayRead MoreCollege Education : High School College886 Words   |  4 Pagesthe freshman myth is high school seniors that get affected by the transition from college life. They are overly optimistic and confident in their ability to manage the challenges they will encounter in college. This freshman myth being blamed on by high school because in high school there is no help preparing students for the transition from high school to college, giving future students high expectation on academic, social and personal experiences for when entering college. But this becomes a dominoRead MoreCollege Graduation Speech Outline1497 Words   |  6 PagesI. INTRODUCTION A. How many years have you been in school? How many of you ever thought that once I enter college that I will have a lot of freedom? Have you ever considered how much your life will change once you enter college? B. Many of you upcoming freshman probably think that college is the same school except you have more freedom, especially now that you are consider as an adult but your whole life changes completely from how you behave in front of people, or whom you talk to, butRead MoreThe Little Things Count : College Versus High School1083 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the little things count: college versus high school When you change from the world being a reliant teenager to an young adult you go through a series of life transitions and educational stages. Society marks the educational jump from being a teenager to an adult in a stereotypical way, you are expected to go from high school to college. While attending high school it is the goal of those teachers to prepare you for this aperture into the unknown. Learning important lessons like getRead MoreThe Importance Of A Student s Grade Point Average Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagescurricular activities more then three days is considered sociable. From looking at past research there are also other factors that could influence a students GPA, such as popularity, aggression, sleepiness, etc. Many would say that a student with a high GPA, 3.0 or higher are likely to be less sociable then students with a lower GPA of a 2.9 or lower. This is an important topic to study because it will allow researchers to find out how much time students shoul d really spend being social without itRead MoreStruggles with Stages of Development and Transition Points and How It Affects Identity1674 Words   |  7 PagesStruggles with Stages of Development and Transition Points and How It Affects Identity There are many developmental milestone events and transition points that help form the identity of an individual. As one transitions from milestone to another, they are not necessarily losing or gaining anything, but are adapting to their new stage in life (Bjorklund, 2011). These transitions can affect other domains of human development including: physical changes, cognitive changes, personality or identity, socialRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast High School versus College788 Words   |  4 Pages High school, along with college are two major stepping stones in a person’s life. Many individuals are able to make the transitions from high school to college pretty easily, while there are others that find the transition into college to be somewhat challenging and hard to adjust to. When I made the jump from high school to college, I found that there are vast differences between the two, and both had very diverse environments. I found the key differences concerning high school and collegeRead MoreEssay about Key Prepartions For College Life1127 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s society it is important to receive a college education to join the workforce. However, the transition from high school to college can be a very intimidating experience for many students. To make the college transition less frightening, students can take several precautions while still in high school. These precautions include participating in extracurricular activities, taking challenging courses, as well as developing good time management skills. Participation in extracurricular activitiesRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act ( Ada )1414 Words   |  6 Pagescreated what is commonly referred to as a 504 or a 504 Plan. The purpose is to prevent/prohibit discrimination against public school students with disabilities and guarantee they receive accommodations that will ensure their academic success and access to the learning environment (University of Wash ington, 2015). Section 504 and the ADA govern education accommodations in college (Alao, 2015). Additionally, 504 Plans are a civil rights law. An Individual Education Program (IEP) is similar, however itRead MoreDepartment Of Education Trio Grant, The Ub Program For English Language Learners866 Words   |  4 PagesFor instance, funded by the U.S. Department of Education TRIO Grant, the UB Program for English Language Learners (ELL) at Rowan University focuses on providing college preparatory activities and supportive services to low income students in grades 9 or 10 who are able to maintain their GPA at 2.0, who are highly recommended by their teachers or counselors, and who have the desire for higher education (Rowan University at Camden, 2015). The Rowan UB Program continuously identifies and recruits competitive

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

This Study Explored The Relationship Between Gender And

This study explored the relationship between gender and communication in the workplace. This study took place at the University of Tennessee, but was conducted online using qualtrics and social media to gather data. The data was gathered from participants located all over the United States. This study was divided into two different phases in order to gather the most quality data possible. The first phase was an online study conducted through a system called Qualtrics and the second phase consisted of four in-person interviews. These interviews disscuessed the effects of gender in the workplace and how communication varies from gender to gender (males to females). The first part of our study will be conducted through Qualtrics which is an†¦show more content†¦C., Richmond, V. P.). The scale consists of 20 likert style situation questions examining whether a person might choose to communicate or not to communicate. Several situation examples included, â€Å"Present a talk to a group of friends† and â€Å"Talk in a small group of acquaintances†. Participants were asked to rank each situation from 1 meaning â€Å"never† to 5 meaning â€Å"always†. The reliability score for this scale ranged from .85 to well above .90. This is a very high score which means the scale should be very helpful in our research. James McCroskey developed the Tolerance for Disagreement Scale in 1998. (Teven, J. J., Richmond, V. P., McCroskey, J. C.) The scale is a likert style scale where participants rank from 1 (Strongly Disagree) -5 (Strongly Agree) several statements. The purpose of the scale is to tests people s feelings and orientations by seeing their reactions. The reliability score for this scale was a .85. Bridget H. Mueller and Jaesub Lee developed the Leader-Member Exchange/Leadership Scale in 2002. Unlike the average scale, this particular scale consists of seven questions at the end of the article. Each question measures leadership based on the topic of leader- member exchange in some shape or form. As far as reliability, Mueller and Lee explains, â€Å"subordinates’ LMXs with their superiors are tightly coupled with larger group and organizational contexts with respect to communicationShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Family, Religion, And Family Shape The Experiences Of Young Black Men892 Words   |  4 Pageswho have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 26(12), 73-737. This journal article explores the role that family, religion and the African American community plays on the experiences of young black men who have sex with other men through in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted from sixteen participants. Seven participants were HIV-positive while the remaining nine participants were HIV-negative. The results from the study indicated that homosexuality is highly stigmatized amongst youngRead MoreSocial Background And The Choice And Consequences Of Undergraduate Field Of Study1608 Words   |  7 Pages In Who Studies the Arts and Sciences? Social Background and the Choice and Consequences of Undergraduate Field of Study (2006), Goyette and Mullen explored the effects of social background on the choice of major once in college in an effort to understand the relationship between social stratification and higher education. In previous studies, sociologists have documented the disparities in major selection, especially the field of science, when influenced by gender and race. Despite the extensiveRead MoreEffects Of Child Sexual Abuse1166 Words   |  5 Pageset al. (2014) were interested in the attachment representations in preschool aged children in Chile because few studies focus on CSA survivors that young and the results of those few studies have not been conclusive. Past studies have found inconsistent results; some studies have determined a CSA is directly linked to insecure attachment representations in survivors, and other studies have found no differences in self-represent ation among children with CSA history and non-abused children and furthermoreRead MoreBrowning And Morality : The Victorian Era976 Words   |  4 PagesBrowning and Morality: The Victorian Era The purpose of this prospectus is to identify the thesis and research goals, explain the findings of a literature search, and explain how they are intended to be applied. Having chosen from the list of suggested topics, the decided thesis will be on the topic of the importance of morality and how it relates to the Victorian era, specifically morality’s role Victorian literature. It is commonly held that the Victorian era can be characterized by the shock experiencedRead MoreThe Impact Of Child Sexual Abuse On Attachment1180 Words   |  5 Pageset al. (2014) were interested in the attachment representations in preschool aged children in Chile because few studies focus on CSA survivors that young and the results of those few studies have not been conclusive. Past studies have found inconsistent results; some studies have determined a CSA is directly linked to insecure attachment representations in survivors, and other studies have found no differences in self-representation am ong children with CSA history and non-abused children and furthermoreRead MoreThe Sexual Orientation Of Parents Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Sociological Review, 66(2), 159-183. The goal of this study was to dispute the negative â€Å"heterosexism† perceptions attached to the development of children with parents who identify as gay and lesbian. The authors focused on the analysis of previous research findings, comparing the outcomes of the children from heterosexual single-mothers and homosexual parents, particularly lesbian mothers. These studies explored the relationship between homophobia, the sexual orientation of the parents andRead MoreQuantitative Of Brief Quantitative Measures Of Play For Screening For Autism Spectrum Disorders1677 Words   |  7 Pages(2010) was to use the measures from a study done by Yoder and Stone in 2006 and another study by Yoder in 2006, that had been shown to be associated with communication and language and determine if those measures could be used to validly predict an Autism Spectrum diagnosis. This study was the first of its type, by comparing the performance on these measures of children with ASD to those of t ypically developing children. In order to make the case of the studies importance the authors provided theRead MoreThe Importance Of Teacher Student Relationships And The Nsw Quality Teaching Model945 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of teacher–student relationships, as explored through the lens of the NSW Quality Teaching Model† article, is a Bachelor of Primary Education (second year), at the University of Wollongong, Australia. When this article was published online in February of 2012, Liberante articulated the effective importance of student-teacher relationship, utilizing the Quality Teaching Model. In the article, Liberante explored the effectiveness of teacher-student relationship through the three elements ofRead MorePersonality And Interpersonal Communication : Chapter 5 Summary887 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality and Interpersonal Communication – Chapter 5 Summary Lula W. Wallace Liberty University â€Æ' Personality and Interpersonal Communication I. The way humans communicate is influenced by heritage and biological make-up. A. There have been several studies on genetics to make claims about human personality. B. It is believed that people are susceptible to certain behaviors II. The importance of what makes people different has been questioned by many scholars A. Researchers continue to argue the significanceRead MoreEssay about Gender Identity1074 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of gender awareness is fundamental for our sense of self and is also predominant in any assessment made of another person as from birth on people respond differently to males and females. Gender identity can be seen as one of the earliest social categories that children learn to apply to both themselves and other people. This is suggested in Schaffer’s (1996) definition where gender identity is the correct labelling of self and others as male or female. There are three main theories

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Warm Bodies Chapter 4 Free Essays

string(32) " worked up about any one thing\." In the morning, my wife finds me slumped against one of the floor-to-ceiling windows overlooking the runways. My eyes are open and full of dust. My head leans to one side. We will write a custom essay sample on Warm Bodies Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I rarely allow myself to look so corpse-like. Something is wrong with me. There is a sick emptiness in my stomach, a feeling somewhere between starvation and hangover. My wife grabs my arm and pulls me to my feet. She starts walking, dragging me behind her like rolling luggage. I feel a flash of bitter heat pulse through me and I start speaking at her. ‘Name,’ I say, glaring into her ear. ‘Name?’ She shoots me a cold look and keeps walking. ‘Job? School?’ My tone shifts from query to accusation. ‘Movie? Song?’ It bubbles out of me like oil from a punctured pipeline. ‘Book?’ I shout at her. ‘Home? Name?’ My wife turns and spits at me. Actually spits on my shirt, snarling like an animal. But the look in her eyes instantly cools my eruption. She’s . . . frightened. Her lips quiver. What am I doing? I look at the floor. We stand in silence for several minutes. Then she resumes walking, and I follow her, trying to shake off this strange black cloud that’s settled over me. She leads me to a gutted, burned-out gift shop and lets out an emphatic groan. Our kids emerge from behind an overturned bookcase full of best-sellers that will never be read. They’re each gnawing a human forearm, slightly brown at the stumps, not exactly fresh. ‘Where did . . . get those?’ I ask them. They shrug. I turn to my wife. ‘Need . . . better.’ She frowns and points at me. She grunts in annoyance, and my face falls, duly chastised. It’s true, I haven’t been the most involved parent. Is it possible to have a midlife crisis if you have no idea how old you are? I could be in my early thirties or late teens. I could be younger than Julie. My wife grunts at the kids and gestures down the hall. They hang their heads and make a wheezy whining noise, but they follow us. We are taking them to their first day of school. Some of us, maybe the same industrious Dead who built the Boneys’ stair-church, have built a ‘classroom’ in the food court by stacking heavy luggage into high walls. As my family and I approach, we hear groans and screams from inside this arena. There is a line of youngsters in front of the entryway, waiting their turn. My wife and I lead our kids to the back of the line and watch the lesson now in progress. Five Dead youths are circling a skinny, middle-aged Living man. The man backs up against the luggage, looking frantically left and right, his empty hands balled into fists. Two of the youths dive at him and try to hold his arms down, but he shakes them off. The third one nips a tiny bite in his shoulder and the man screams as if he’s been mortally wounded, because, in effect, he has. From zombie bites to starvation to good old-fashioned age and disease, there are so many options for dying in this new world. So many ways for the Living to stop. But with just a few debrained exceptions, all roads lead to us, the Dead, and our very unglamorous immortality. ‘Wrong!’ their teacher roars. ‘Get . . . throat!’ The children back away and watch the man warily. ‘Throat!’ the teacher repeats. He and his assistant lumber into the arena and tackle the man, forcing him to the ground. The teacher kills him and stands up, blood streaming down his chin. ‘Throat,’ he says again, pointing to the body. The five children exit shamefaced, and the next five in line are prodded inside. My kids look up at me anxiously. I pat their heads. The five youths inside are nervous, but the teacher shouts at them and they begin to move in. When they get close enough all five lunge at the same time, two grabbing for each arm and the fifth going for the throat. But the old man is shockingly strong. He twists around and flings two of them hard against the wall of luggage. The impact shakes the wall and a sturdy metal briefcase topples down from the top. The man grabs it by the handle, raises it high, and smashes it down on one of the youths’ heads. The youth’s skull caves in and his brain squishes out. He doesn’t scream or twitch or quiver, he just abruptly collapses into a heap of limbs, flat and flush with the floor as if he’s been dead for months already. Death takes hold of him with retroactive finality. The whole school goes silent. The remaining four children back out of the arena. No one really pays attention as the adults rush inside to deal with the man. We all gaze at the youth’s crumpled corpse with sad resignation. We can’t tell which of the gathered adults might be his parents, since all our expressions are about the same. Whoever they are, they will forget their loss soon enough. By tomorrow the Boneys will show up with another boy or girl to replace this one. We allow a few uncomfortable seconds of silence for the killed child, then school resumes. A few parents glance at each other, maybe wondering what to think, wondering what this all means, this bent, inverted cycle of life. Or maybe that’s just me. My kids are next in line. They watch the current lesson intently, sometimes standing on tiptoes to see, but they aren’t afraid. They are younger than the rest, and will probably be matched against someone too frail to put up much fight, but they don’t know this, and it’s not why they’re unafraid. When the entire world is built on death and horror, when existence is a constant state of panic, it’s hard to get worked up about any one thing. You read "Warm Bodies Chapter 4" in category "Essay examples" Specific fears have become irrelevant. We’ve replaced them with a smothering blanket far worse. I pace outside the 747 boarding tunnel for about an hour before going in. I open the jet’s door quietly. Julie is curled up in business class, sleeping. She has wrapped herself in a quilt made of cut-up jeans that I brought back as a souvenir a few weeks ago. The morning sun makes a halo in her yellow hair, sainting her. ‘Julie,’ I whisper. Her eyes slide open a crack. This time she doesn’t jolt upright or edge away from me. She just looks at me with tired, puffy eyes. ‘What?’ she mumbles. ‘How . . . are . . . ?’ ‘How do you think I am?’ She puts her back to me and wraps the blanket around her shoulders. I watch her for a moment. Her posture is a brick wall. I lower my head and turn to go. But as I step through the doorway she says, ‘Wait.’ I turn around. She is sitting up, the blanket piled on her lap. ‘I’m hungry,’ she says. I look at her blankly. Hungry? Does she want an arm or leg? Hot blood, meat and life? She’s Living . . . does she want to eat herself? Then I remember what being hungry used to mean. I remember beefsteaks and pancakes, grains and fruits and vegetables, that quaint little food pyramid. Sometimes I miss savouring taste and texture instead of just swallowing energy, but I try not to dwell on it. The old food does nothing to quench our hunger any more. Even bright red meat from a freshly killed rabbit or deer is beneath our culinary standards; its energy is simply incompatible, like trying to run a computer on diesel. There is no easy way out for us, no humane alternative for the fashionably moral. The new hunger demands sacrifice. It demands human suffering as the price for our pleasures, meagre and cheap as they are. ‘You know, food?’ Julie prompts. She mimes the act of taking a bite. ‘Sandwiches? Pizza? Stuff that doesn’t involve killing people?’ I nod. ‘I’ll . . . get.’ I start to leave but she stops me again. ‘Just let me go,’ she says. ‘What are you doing? Why are you keeping me here?’ I think for a moment. I step to her window and point to the runways below. She looks, and sees the church service in progress. The congregation of the Dead, swaying and groaning. The skeletons rattling back and forth, voiceless but somehow charismatic, gnashing their splintered teeth. There are dozens of them down there, swarming. ‘Keep you . . . safe.’ She looks up at me from her chair with an expression I can’t read. Her eyes are narrowed and her lips are tight, but it’s not exactly rage. ‘How do you know my name?’ she demands. There it is. It had to come eventually. ‘In that building. You said my name, I remember it. How the fuck do you know my name?’ I make no attempt to answer. No way to explain what I know and how I know it, not with my kindergarten vocabulary and special-ed speech impediments. So I simply retreat, exiting the plane and trudging up the boarding tunnel, feeling more acutely than ever the limitations of what I am. As I stand in Gate 12 considering where to go from here, I feel a touch on my shoulder. Julie is standing behind me. She stuffs her hands into the pockets of her tight black jeans, looking uncertain. ‘Just let me get out and walk around a little,’ she says. ‘I’m going crazy in that plane.’ I don’t answer. I look around the hallways. ‘Come on,’ she says. ‘I walked in here and nobody ate me. Let me go with you to get food. You don’t know what I like.’ This is . . . not entirely true. I know she loves pad thai. I know she drools over sushi. I know she has a weakness for greasy cheeseburgers, despite the Stadium’s rigorous fitness routines. But that knowledge is not mine to use. That knowledge is stolen. I nod slowly and point at her. ‘Dead,’ I pronounce. I click my teeth and do an exaggerated zombie shuffle. ‘Okay,’ she says. I lumber around in a circle with slow, shaky steps, letting out an occasional groan. ‘Got it.’ I take her by the wrist and lead her out into the hallway. I gesture in each direction, indicating the small cliques of zombies wandering in the dim morning shadows. I look her straight in the eyes. ‘Don’t . . . run.’ She crosses her heart. ‘Promise.’ Standing so close to her, I find that I can smell her again. She has wiped much of the black blood off her skin, and through the gaps I can detect traces of her life-energy. It bubbles out and sparkles like champagne, igniting flashes deep in the back of my sinuses. Still holding her gaze, I rub my palm into a recent gash on my forearm, and although it’s nearly dry now, I manage to collect a thin smear of blood. I slowly spread this ink on her cheek and down her neck. She shudders, but doesn’t pull away. She is, at the bottom of everything, a very smart girl. ‘Okay?’ I ask, raising my eyebrows. She closes her eyes, takes a deep breath, cringes at the smell of my fluids, then nods. ‘Okay.’ I walk and she follows, stumbling along behind me and groaning every three or four steps. She is overdoing it, overacting like high school Shakespeare, but she will pass. We walk through crowds of Dead, shambling past us on both sides, and no one glances at us. To my amazement, Julie’s fear seems to be diminishing as we walk, despite the obvious peril of her situation. At a few points I catch her fighting a smile after letting out a particularly hammy moan. I smile too, making sure she doesn’t see me. This is . . . new. How to cite Warm Bodies Chapter 4, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Discourse Analysis free essay sample

A discourse is behavioral unit. It is a set of utterances which constitute a recognizable speech event e. g. a conversation, a joke, a sermon, an interview etc. In its historical and etymological perspective the term is used in different perspectives e. g. Verbal communication. All this fine talk. Direct / indirect speech. To chat. In order to narrow down the range of possible meanings, the modern linguists have given different views or definitions. Example: Discourse is written as well as spoken: every utterance assuming the a speaker and a hearer as discourse. Benvenisle, 1971: 208-9) An individualizable group of statements and sometimes as a regulated practice that counts for a number of statements. (Foucault, 1972: 80) The specification with the term is that ‘discourse must be used with its social purpose’ this is the main specification of discourse. The brief difference between discourse and text, I think, will facilitate to better understand the term Discourse. Difference between Discourse and Text Discourse Analysis focuses on the structure of naturally spoken language as found in conversation interviews, commentaries and speeches. Text analysis focuses on the structure of written language, as found in such text as essays, notices, road signs and chapters. (Crystal. 1987) Some scholars talk about ‘spoken or written discourse’ other about ‘spoken or written text’ (Crystal. 1987) It means discourse and text can be used almost synonymously. But a distinction is always there and that in discourse has some social purpose while text fulfills the function of communication of some meaning only. As suggested by Michel Stubbs (1983) who treats text and discourse as more or less synonymous. Hawthorn (1992) says text may be non-interactive where as a discourse is interactive. Means to say text is non-interactive that’s it only fulfils the function of conveying some meaning. But discourse is always involved in two ways responses in some formal or informal conversation and dialogues etc. Hawthorn (1992) further says ‘discourse is a linguistic communication seen as a transaction between speaker and hearer. While text is also a linguistics communication (either spoken or written) seen simply as a message coded in its auditory or visual medium’ To conclude we can say discourse and text have something in common as both use the medium of language whether in sign language. Both have some meaning that they try to convey. But text has a limited scope as compare with discourse. In other words we can say discourse is somewhat broad category in the system of language. And text deals with the written from of language. Discourse has different form as Discourse of Advertising, Discourse of Racism, Discourse of Medical etc. But text has no such forms. Discourse can be found with in text. And not vice versa. Text has its maximum interpretation in its ownself but discourse has a lot of things above the language level. Discourse analysis Discourse analysis is an attempt to discover linguistic regularities in discourse using grammatical, phonological and semantic criteria e. g. cohesion, anaphora, inter sentence connectivity etc. It is an effort to interpreter what the writer or speaker intended to convey with in a sensitive social context. Example: Father:Is that your coat on the floor again? Son: yes (goes on reading) Here in the above example Discourse Analysis says that the answer of the son is not clear one. It shows the exploitation of ambiguity about father’s command to pick up his coat. Rather the son deals his father’s command as a simple content question which can be answered in yes /no. Discourse Analysis is a process in which the reader and listener’s mind is working up on the linguistic features of the utterance to grasp the intended meaning of the writer or speaker. Even if the utterances or sentences are ungrammatical the Discourse Analysis makes us grasp the intended meaning. Example: My natal was in a small town, very close to Riyadh capital of Saudi Arabia. The distance between my town and Riadh 7 miles exactly. The name of this Almasani that means in English factories. It takes its name from the people carrer. In childhood I remember the people live. It was very simple most the people was farmer. The above paragraph is full of grammatical mistakes since by Discourse Analysis of this text we can grasp mostly what are the informations the writer wants to communicate. Discourse concerns with communication so Discourse Analysis gives us the interpretation of the communicated commodity. Devices for Discourse Analysis We use different tools for Discourse Analysis. Some of them are as under: (i)Cohesion Cohesion refers to the ties and connections which exist within texts that link different parts of sentences or larger unit of discourse. Cohesive Devices (a)Anaphoric Relation Interpretation of text from some previously expressed idea entity. Example: He did that there. Every word has some anaphoric reference with which interpretation could not be made. (b) Cataphoric Relation It means referring forward. It refers the identity what is being expressed and what is to be expressed. Example: Here is the 9, O Clock news. By using these relation and links we can better interpret and analyzed discourse. (2)Coherence The language users try to come to an interpretation in the scenario of knowledge of the world they posses. Coherence is not something which exists in the language but something which exists in people. By using coherence the reader arums semantic unity the paragraph. Example: Her: That’s the telephone Him: I’ am in the both. Her:Ok. We can interpret the above dialogue with the help of conventional action and by our background knowledge that someone in the bathroom can not attend the telephone. 3) Parallelism Parallelism means side by side. In some piece of literature some comparisons or contrasts go side be side with each other. They also help to interpreter the whole text. Example: In Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’, good marriages and bad marriages are compared and contrasted on parallel levels. (4) Speech Events Speech events are mainly concerned what people say in different environment e. g. Debate, interview, discussions, quiz etc are different Speech Events. Speakers may have different speech roles as friend, strangers, young or old of equal or unequal status This background knowledge about the personality and environment give a better comprehension for better interpretation of discourse. 5) Background Knowledge Background knowledge can be very much helpful in interpreting any text. Schema and script are two terms that comprise the background knowledge. Schema and script tells us what is actually the real situation and what are the actions. Schema is conventional knowledge which exists in memory. Script is essentially a dynamic schema in which conventional action takes place. Th e schema of a supermarket holds the knowledge ‘food displayed on shelves, checkout counters’ etc. While in script such actions are involved as going to movies, eating in a restaurant etc. Example: Trying not to be out of the office Suzy went into the nearest place, sat down and ordered a sandwich. Here in the above example the background knowledge of the situation and the action can be traced out through the schema and script as: Schema tells us: Suzy may be an office girl The nearest place is some restaurant. Script tells us: About the action she performed as: Firstly, she unlocked the door. Secondly, she walked to the nearest restaurant. Thirdly, she opened the door of the restaurant. etc. Here schema and script tells us what is actually the real situation and what are the actions. (6). Conversational Interaction Conversation is an activity where for the most part thw or more people take turn at speativn: in these tusns at speaking one has to pick up the completion point to take his turn to speak. This is conversational interaction. During the discourse we not only taking part in conversation but we are also analyzing.