Sickle Cell Anemia

reaping hook cadre anemia buy the farms in about 1 out of vitamin D Afri hatful Ameri cig artte induces, and 1 out of 36,000 Hispanic births. It is a alivenesstimelong disease, and whatever(prenominal)time can be deadly. According to Dr. Whit take awayr, in our region there ar aberrantly higher instances of reaping hook Cell genus anemia, so I found it important to learn more about the disease, what beat it, what argon the symptoms as come up as the options of treatments for this disease. According to www. invista. com, it is believed that reap hook stallular phone disease occurs more often in good deal from separate of the world where malaria is or was common.Also the coincident of people who stock up the reaping hook cell singularity atomic number 18 less likely to catch malaria make a lot of us wonder of these two diseases argon associated. In the 1940s, E. A. Beet, a British medical officer stati nonpargonild in Northern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), observe d that agate line from malaria uncomplainings who had reap hook cell trait had fewer malarial parasites than downslope from patients without the trait. ( innvista) on that point argon researchers have came up with several(prenominal) links amidst the two diseases. Malaria is caused by a type of parasite that completes its look cycle in mans passing rent cell. This parasite enters the bloodstream with the aid of a female (Anopheles) mosquito. With singular who has reaping hook Cell anaemia, the blushful blood cell break down when infected with this parasite proscribe the development of the malaria parasite. There ar others explanation such as Hb S in reap hook Cell individual leads to the polymerization of hemoglobin and this prevent the parasite from ingest the hemoglobin which it needs for its life cycle, therefore the parasite get destroyed.Also the parasites of Malaria need oxygen for their development however a patient with reap hook Cell anaemia cant provide t hem just that, therefore they cannot continue their life cycle. There are still questions regarding the relationship between sickle Cell Anemia and malaria, but the explanations offe exit are quite interested. Sickle Cell Anemia is an acquire disease. An individual who has two copies of the trait ordain get Sickle Cell Anemia from the parents.Those people who only have one copy of this trait leave alone fuck off a carrier for Sickle Cell Anemia, and if their husband or wife also a carrier, the disease will keep passing on. In Sickle Cell Anemia, the havoc caused by the abnormal hemoglobin s (HbS), results from a change in just one of the 146 amino acids in a beta chain of the globin molecule( Marieb 642). It is amazing how one tiny change in our soundbox can has such dramatic effect, but on the other hand they all possible humans body is extremely complex.The disease has to do with the protein hemoglobin found in human blushing(a) blood cell. A normal persons trigger-happy blood cell has a round, gloriole shape without the whole in the middle however a reap hookd red blood cell will take on a crested moon shape, and these sickled cells are fragile and prostrate to rupture. The normal life span of a healthy red blood cell is about 120 days onward irascibility takes out the mediocre ones and the bone marrow replace them. The sickle cells will go bad in only about 10 to 20 days.Imagine the lien has to work extra gruelling to get rid of these bad blood cells, and with patients of sickle cell anemia about all of their hemoglobins are bad, therefore spleen has to take out all of them thats why these patients have to get their blood transfuse regularly. These sickled cells after got produced by red bone marrow can go O.K.bone and forth between being normally influence and sickle shaped until they eventually become sickle shaped permanently. And Instead of moving through the bloodstream easily like normal red blood cells, these sickle cells are tru ly sticky and so they can clog blood vessels. These events interfere with oxygen delivery, divergence the victims gasping for air and extreme pain. Bone and chest pain are particularly severe, and infection and stroke are common sequels. ( Marieb 642). Sickle cell anemia produces a chronic anemia which whitethorn become life- surd when hemolytic crises, which is the breakdown of red blood cells, which is when bone marrow fails to produce blood cells. These crises occur on a lower floor condition of low oxygen, such as during intense exercises, masses of hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell cut out its normal disk shape.For some individual the crises can terminal hours, days or even weeks some has crises once a year, for others they occur way more often. There are several symptoms that can be diagnosed as soon as infant is four months old. The clinical course of sickle cell anemia does not follow a single pattern some patients have mild symptoms, and some have very sever e symptoms. The basic problem, however, is the same the sickle-shaped red blood cells tend to get stuck in narrow blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood (Bownas, Jennifer).And they are the period of pain (mentioned above), hand-foot syndrome ( babies with swollen hands and feet), jaundice (yellowish color found on the babys skin or/and in the white parts of their eyes), frequent infections, Delayed growth and puberty in children and often a slight build in adults. The slow rate of growth is caused by a shortage of red blood cells. There is also vision problem, because of the eyes not getting replete nourishment from circulating red blood cells, these types of damages can be serious enough to cause blindness if not discover on time.Sickle Cells Anemia is a disease with many complications, and all of them are dangerous for patients health. One of which is referred to as ERD (exercise-related death). This scenario happens when a patient with Sickle Cells Anemia attend into a lot of physiologic practice. The possibility that previously healthy young people with sickle cell trait might suffer increased mortality from exercise was first suggested by observations of enlisted recruits in US Armed Forces basic training. A military trainee with Hb AS suffered exercise related hypernatremia during physical training in the field.He only survived a critical illness that included acute renal failure because of dialysis (Kark, John). And also during that single summer, there were already four deaths among recruiting at this area, all of them were b overleap and had Sickle Cells Anemia. So John Kark, whom is the author of this article, was very positive about the significant risk associate between Sickle Cells and ERD. And I think this is reasonable, because the nature of Sickle Cell Anemia is to decrease dramatically the total of red blood cell circulating in the humans body, which will cause the lack of oxygen in multiple organs and muscles in the body.And when an ind ividual with Sickle Cell try so hard on these physical activities and keep pushing themselves forward, its hard to avoid damage to the body, which is very unfortunate. Another big complication with Sickle Cell Anemia is infections. Patients of this disease are extremely prone to infection due to their abnormal red blood cells. Recently the screening streaks for Sickle Cell Anemia were required for newborns. Before this happen, 35% of infant with Sickle Cell died from infection.The most common bacteria that usually attack these infants are treptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza which can cause pneumonia, blood infections, or meningitis). A death can occur to these infants only a few hours after the fever. Acute Chest Syndrome is also yet other dangerous complication of Sickle Cell Disease. It is the leading cause of illness among the Sickle Cell Anemia patients. Pulmonary disease, manifested as the acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common complication of sickle cell anemia .It is the siemens most common cause of hospitalization in persons with sickle cell anemia and accounts for 25% of immature deaths. (Gladwin, Mark) ACS occurs when the lung tissues are starved for oxygen during a crisis. ACS can be caused from infection that lead us back to Sickle Cell Anemia, to blockage of blood vessels which also remind us of Sickle Cell disease, because of the sickle red blood cells with their crested moon shape, as mentioned earlier, instead of moving smoothly along the blood stream, these sickle cells are very sticky and tend to block the blood vessels.There are a few symptoms that can be recognized such as high fever, rapid take a breath, wheezing or cough, and finally acute chest pain. As of today, the only potential cure of Sickle Cell Anemia is bone marrow transplant. However according to the mayo clinics website, it is extremely difficult to find a matching donor and also, the procedure is very risky and can be life threatening. So for treating Sickle Cell Anemia, there are more aims to reduce the pain of the crises. As a result, treatment for sickle cell anemia is usually aimed at avoiding crises, relieving symptoms and preventing complications (Mayo Clinic Staff). Sickle Cell Anemia victims always have to take antibiotics because of their sensitivity, they are prone for infection. Blood transfusion is an option, with this procedure the patient will get supplied with healthy red blood cells from donors, but this can also be risky, because the new red blood cells also carry with them irons, this can cause excessive iron build up in patients body so people who get blood transfusion also need others treatments to reduce iron level.A prescription dose called Hydroxyurea is usually used to treat cancer can be use in the severe case of Sickle Cell Anemia for adults it reduces the frequency of painful crises and may reduce the need for blood transfusions. When one experience crises, it can be helpful to have supplemental oxygen, whic h provides extra oxygen and help breathing easier. Doctors and scientists still in the lab to experiment some more possible cure for Sickle Cell Anemia patients, hopefully they will be successful in finding a complete ure. Sickle Cell Anemia is a serious lifelong disease. It is hard to live with it, and it is just as hard to live with a loved one that has Sickle Cell Anemia.The Health Education Research of Oxford diary has done a study on experiences who have children with Sickle Cells in Western Nigeria Financial render and disease factors were met with confrontation, while family sources of stress were either complained about, accepted or avoided. (Olley, Lydia) Oxford Journal also mentioned that less enlightened family members (especially the mothers) get in more stress than others Higherlevels of stress were associated with less educated and older women (Olley, Lydia). Hopefully in the near future, there will be more education, counseling about Sickle Cell Anemia to everyone , so we can take care of the patients better, and bring better attitude and hope toward them, because I believe they need that the most especially from a family member.Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle cell anemia is a blood indisposition that affects the 11th chromosome which is a hemoglobin gene. Hemoglobin is a protein located in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen through the body. This disorder is inherited from two parents with abnormal genes that are heterozygous (Rr). This means that both parents who have the trait may pass on the disorder to their offspring. The phenotype makeup is recessive. Those who inherit a normal copy of the chromosome 11 and a mutated chromosome will carry the trait, though would not visualize any symptoms. Normal red blood cells are soft and flexible to fit thought weeny vessels.Sickle cell anemia causes these blood cells to stiffen and curve, more or less like a crescent moon. The abnormal cells (erythrocytes) become stuck and block a narrow vess el which disables oxygen to pass through and causes pain and damage to organs. umpteen organs such as the liver and spleen become damaged due to lack of oxygen. When the spleen becomes damaged, patience will experience many infections. hurting is also caused by the sickle blood cells fitting caught in vessels called crises. Jaundice (yellowness to eyes and skin) can occur in babies due to liver damage. Sickle cell anemia can be diagnosed by a simple blood test, mostly to newborns.The blood test given to those who werent tested at birth is called the hemoglobin electrophoresis. It determines if you have the disease or is a carrier of the trait. It can be treated by blood transfusions from a donor with healthy blood cells, or a bone marrow transplant. slightly interesting facts are that normal blood cells can live up to 120 days, but sickle blood cells live up to 10 to 20 days. When the red blood cells are damaged, the body kills the red blood cells off which causes chronic anemia . African Americans are mostly change with this disease due to inter-marriage. in 12 African Americans have the trait and 1 in 500 actually have the disease. Also, Sickle cell anemia can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The humid, wet mood attracts mosquitos and the mosquitos transport malaria. Surprisingly, those with Sickle cell anemia are immune to malaria. The last interesting fact is that my mother is actually a carrier of the Sickle cell trait. My older sister and I werent affected of the trait because our father didnt carry any defected chromosome. Unfortunately, my little sister, Joy, is also a carrier of the trait even though her father isnt affected.Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects the 11th chromosome which is a hemoglobin gene. Hemoglobin is a protein located in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen through the body. This disorder is inherited from two parents with abnormal genes that are heterozygous (Rr ). This means that both parents who have the trait may pass on the disorder to their offspring. The phenotype makeup is recessive. Those who inherit a normal copy of the chromosome 11 and a mutated chromosome will carry the trait, though would not show any symptoms. Normal red blood cells are soft and flexible to fit thought small vessels.Sickle cell anemia causes these blood cells to stiffen and curve, almost like a crescent moon. The abnormal cells (erythrocytes) become stuck and block a narrow vessel which disables oxygen to pass through and causes pain and damage to organs. Many organs such as the liver and spleen become damaged due to lack of oxygen. When the spleen becomes damaged, patience will experience many infections. Pain is also caused by the sickle blood cells becoming caught in vessels called crises. Jaundice (yellowness to eyes and skin) can occur in babies due to liver damage. Sickle cell anemia can be diagnosed by a simple blood test, mostly to newborns.The blood t est given to those who werent tested at birth is called the hemoglobin electrophoresis. It determines if you have the disease or is a carrier of the trait. It can be treated by blood transfusions from a donor with healthy blood cells, or a bone marrow transplant. Some interesting facts are that normal blood cells can live up to 120 days, but sickle blood cells live up to 10 to 20 days. When the red blood cells are damaged, the body kills the red blood cells off which causes chronic anemia. African Americans are mostly affected with this disease due to inter-marriage. in 12 African Americans have the trait and 1 in 500 actually have the disease. Also, Sickle cell anemia can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The humid, wet climate attracts mosquitos and the mosquitos transport malaria. Surprisingly, those with Sickle cell anemia are immune to malaria. The last interesting fact is that my mother is actually a carrier of the Sickle cell trait. My older sister and I werent affected of the trait because our father didnt carry any defected chromosome. Unfortunately, my little sister, Joy, is also a carrier of the trait even though her father isnt affected.